Sql server 主键声明及自增操作

在看SQL Server主键声明及自增操作前先复习下OracleMysql的主键操作

Oracle 主键

表声明语句

CREATE TABLE demo_user(
    user_id    NUMBER(10)      not null,
    name       VARCHAR2(60)    not null,
    constraint PK_DMEO_USER primary key (user_id)
);

自增主键依赖SEQUENCE

CREATE SEQUENCE SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1;

对应操作语句为,

SELECT SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID.currval from dual;

SELECT SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID.nextval from dual;

INSERT INTO TABLE(user_id, name) VALUES(SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID.nextval, 'demo');

Java实体类声明,

@Entity
@Table(name = "demo_user")
@SequenceGenerator(name = "SEQ_USER_ID", sequenceName = "SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID", allocationSize = 1)
public class UserEntity{
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "SEQ_USER_ID")
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Long id;
    
}

Mysql 主键

Mysql 自增主键由数据库自己维护,只要声明主键 AUTO_INCREMENT 即可

CREATE TABLE demo_user(
    user_id  INT(6)  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'primary key',
    name VARCHAR(300)
)

对应操作语句为,

INSERT INTO(name) VALUES('demo');

Java实体类声明,

@Entity
@Table(name = "demo_user")
public class UserEntity{
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Long id;
    
}

SQL server 主键

IDENTITY 实现自增

设置表字段IDENTITY(seed, increment)

CREATE TABLE demo_user(
    user_id  BIGINT  IDENTITY(1,1)  NOT NULL,
    name NVARCHAR(300),
    CONSTRAINT pk_demo_user PRIMARY KEY (user_id),
)

对应操作语句为,

-- 确保该功能开关是开着的
SET IDENTITY_INSERT demo_user ON;

INSERT INTO(name) VALUES('demo');

-- 操作完成后关闭该功能
SET IDENTITY_INSERT demo_user OFF;

Java实体类声明与Mysql相同。

SEQUENCE 实现自增

声明语句,

CREATE SEQUENCE SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1;

CREATE SEQUENCE SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID AS int   
    START WITH 125  
    INCREMENT BY 25  
    MINVALUE 100  
    MAXVALUE 200  
    CYCLE  -- 超过MAXVALUE后从START再次开始
    CACHE 3;
    
-- throw error when the sequence exceeds 200
ALTER SEQUENCE SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID
    RESTART WITH 100  -- 从100重新开始
    INCREMENT BY 50  
    MINVALUE 50  
    MAXVALUE 200  
    NO CYCLE  
    NO CACHE;  

对应操作语句为,

SELECT NEXT VALUE FOR SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID;

INSERT INTO(user_id, name) VALUES(NEXT VALUE FOR SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID, 'demo');

DROP SEQUENCE SEQ_DEMO_USER_ID;

Reference

Oracle CREATE SEQUENCE

NEXT VALUE FOR (Transact-SQL)

ALTER SEQUENCE (Transact-SQL)


版权声明: 《SQL Server 主键声明及自增操作》为作者【leeyee】原创作品。转载请注明出处

原文链接:【http://iyiguo.net/blog/2021/03/16/sqlserver-primary-key.html